Spatiotemporal distributions of air-sea CO2 flux modulated by windseas in the Southern Indian Ocean

The Southern Indian Ocean is a major reservoir for rapid carbon exchange with the atmosphere, plays key role in world’s cycle. To understand importance of anthropogenic CO 2 uptake Ocean, variety methods have been used to quantify magnitude flux between air and sea. basic approach based on bulk formula—the air-sea commonly calculated by difference partial pressure ocean gas transfer velocity, surface wind speed, solubility seawater. However, relying solely speed measure velocity at sea increases uncertainty estimation. Recent studies shown that generation breaking waves also significantly affect process interface. In this study, we highlight impact windseas address its important Ocean. We run WAVEWATCH III model simulate region over period from January 1 st 2002 December 31 2021. Then, use spectral partitioning method isolate swells total wave fields. Finally, calculate new semiempirical equation considering only windseas. found after windseas’ impact, seasonal mean zonal (mmol/m ·d) increased approximately 10%-20% compared all seasons. Evolution net (PgC) around 5.87%-32.12% latest 5 years most significant improvement appeared summer. Long-term trend analysis indicated absorption capacity whole gradually during past 20 years. These findings extend understanding roles global cycle are useful making management policies associated marine environmental protection climatic change mitigation.